{"id":351,"date":"2026-06-11T23:09:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T23:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/?page_id=351"},"modified":"2026-06-11T23:12:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T23:12:26","slug":"bronnen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/bronnen\/","title":{"rendered":"Bronnen"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"mt-6 mb-2 font-semibold text-3xl\" data-streamdown=\"heading-1\">Bronnenlijst over autocratie<\/h1>\n<p>Hieronder een overzicht van betrouwbare websites, rapporten en boeken \u2014 gemengd Nederlands- en Engelstalig \u2014 verdeeld in vier categorie\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"mt-6 mb-2 font-semibold text-2xl\" data-streamdown=\"heading-2\">Onderzoeksinstituten en data-indices<\/h2>\n<h3>Engelstalig<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">V-Dem Institute (Varieties of Democracy)<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.v-dem.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">v-dem.net<\/span><\/a><\/button> Universiteit van G\u00f6teborg. Levert de meest gedetailleerde dataset ter wereld over democratie en autocratie. Hun jaarlijkse <em>Democracy Report<\/em> (recent: <em>25 Years of Autocratization \u2013 Democracy Trumped?<\/em>, 2025) meet onder andere de mate van autocratisering per land.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Freedom House \u2014 <em>Freedom in the World<\/em><\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/report\/freedom-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">freedomhouse.org<\/span><\/a><\/button> Jaarlijks rapport over politieke rechten en burgerlijke vrijheden in 195 landen. De editie 2026, <em>The Growing Shadow of Autocracy<\/em>, schetst de verschuiving van democratie naar autocratie wereldwijd.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI)<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/bti-project.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">bti-project.org<\/span><\/a><\/button> Classificeert ontwikkelingslanden en transitielanden op een schaal van democratie tot autocratie en analyseert kwaliteit van bestuur.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Polity Project (Center for Systemic Peace)<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.systemicpeace.org\/polityproject.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">systemicpeace.org<\/span><\/a><\/button> Klassieke politicologische dataset (sinds 1800) met de Polity-score, veel gebruikt in academisch onderzoek naar regimetypen.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Our World in Data \u2014 Democracy<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/democracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">ourworldindata.org\/democracy<\/span><\/a><\/button> Toegankelijke visualisaties die V-Dem-, BTI- en Polity-data combineren. Goede instap voor cijfers en grafieken.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Economist Intelligence Unit \u2014 <em>Democracy Index<\/em><\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eiu.com\/topic\/democracy-index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">eiu.com<\/span><\/a><\/button> Jaarlijkse ranglijst met categorie\u00ebn <em>full democracy<\/em>, <em>flawed democracy<\/em>, <em>hybrid regime<\/em> en <em>authoritarian regime<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"mt-6 mb-2 font-semibold text-2xl\" data-streamdown=\"heading-2\">Nederlandstalige bronnen<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Montesquieu Instituut<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.montesquieu-instituut.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">montesquieu-instituut.nl<\/span><\/a><\/button> Onafhankelijk wetenschappelijk instituut over parlementaire democratie in Europa. Publiceert columns en analyses, onder meer Wim van Meurs&#8217; <em>Autocratisering en statistiek<\/em> (2025).<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Kennisplatform Openbaar Bestuur \u2014 <em>Verkenning democratische erosie in Nederland<\/em><\/span> (2024) \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kennisopenbaarbestuur.nl\/site\/binaries\/site-content\/collections\/documents\/2024\/04\/12\/verkenning-en-verdieping-democratische-erosie-en-respons-in-nederland\/Verkenning+en+verdieping+democratische+erosie+in+Nederland+-+april++2024+finaal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">kennisopenbaarbestuur.nl (PDF)<\/span><\/a><\/button> Uitgebreide verkenning in opdracht van het ministerie van BZK over democratische achteruitgang en weerbaarheid in Nederland.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Clingendael Instituut<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clingendael.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">clingendael.org<\/span><\/a><\/button> Nederlands instituut voor internationale betrekkingen. Publiceert geregeld over autoritaire regimes (Rusland, China, Iran) en de geopolitieke gevolgen voor Europa.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">WRR \u2014 Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wrr.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">wrr.nl<\/span><\/a><\/button> Adviesrapporten over de toekomst van de rechtsstaat en democratische instituties, met aandacht voor autoritaire trends.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Rob \u2014 Raad voor het Openbaar Bestuur<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raadopenbaarbestuur.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">raadopenbaarbestuur.nl<\/span><\/a><\/button> Rapporten zoals <em>Zoeken naar waarheid<\/em> en analyses over de weerbaarheid van de democratie tegen autoritaire dynamiek.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Stichting Nederlands Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen<\/span> publiceert via <em>Internationale Spectator<\/em> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalespectator.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">internationalespectator.nl<\/span><\/a><\/button> Toegankelijke artikelen in het Nederlands over autocratie\u00ebn, hybride regimes en geopolitiek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"mt-6 mb-2 font-semibold text-2xl\" data-streamdown=\"heading-2\">Sleutelboeken<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Anne Applebaum \u2014 <em>Autocracy, Inc.: The Dictators Who Want to Run the World<\/em><\/span> (Doubleday, 2024). Beschrijft hoe moderne autocratie\u00ebn (Rusland, China, Iran, Venezuela) als netwerk samenwerken \u2014 financieel, technologisch, propagandistisch \u2014 om de democratische wereldorde te ondermijnen. Nederlandse vertaling: <em>Autocratie BV<\/em> (Nieuw Amsterdam).<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Steven Levitsky &amp; Daniel Ziblatt \u2014 <em>How Democracies Die<\/em><\/span> (2018) en <em>Tyranny of the Minority<\/em> (2023). Harvard-politicologen analyseren hoe verkozen leiders democratie\u00ebn van binnenuit afbreken. NL-vertaling: <em>Hoe democratie\u00ebn sterven<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Timothy Snyder \u2014 <em>On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century<\/em><\/span> (2017) en <em>The Road to Unfreedom<\/em> (2018). Yale-historicus over de historische patronen van autoritarisme. NL: <em>Over tirannie<\/em> en <em>De weg naar onvrijheid<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Larry Diamond \u2014 <em>Ill Winds: Saving Democracy from Russian Rage, Chinese Ambition, and American Complacency<\/em><\/span> (2019). Stanford-politicoloog over de mondiale &#8220;democratic recession&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Sergei Guriev &amp; Daniel Treisman \u2014 <em>Spin Dictators: The Changing Face of Tyranny in the 21st Century<\/em><\/span> (Princeton, 2022). Over de verschuiving van openlijk gewelddadige naar manipulatieve, mediagestuurde autocratie\u00ebn.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Yascha Mounk \u2014 <em>The People vs. Democracy<\/em><\/span> (2018). Over populisme als opmaat naar illiberale democratie. NL: <em>Tegen de wil van het volk<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Hannah Arendt \u2014 <em>The Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em><\/span> (1951). Klassieker die nog steeds de basis vormt voor het begrip van totalitaire en autoritaire regimes. NL: <em>Totalitarisme<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Caspar van den Berg &amp; Tom-Jan Meeus (red.) \u2014 <em>De democratische rechtsstaat onder druk<\/em><\/span> Recente Nederlandstalige bundels over erosie van rechtsstatelijke instituties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"mt-6 mb-2 font-semibold text-2xl\" data-streamdown=\"heading-2\">Aanvullende kwaliteitsbronnen<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-inside list-disc whitespace-normal [li_&amp;]:pl-6\" data-streamdown=\"unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Journal of Democracy<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">journalofdemocracy.org<\/span><\/a><\/button> Toonaangevend academisch tijdschrift (Johns Hopkins \/ NED) met veel open-access artikelen over autocratisering, hybride regimes en democratische weerbaarheid.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Carnegie Endowment \u2014 <em>Democracy, Conflict &amp; Governance Program<\/em><\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">carnegieendowment.org<\/span><\/a><\/button> Beleidsgerichte analyses, onder andere over de werking van moderne autocratie\u00ebn.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">International IDEA \u2014 <em>Global State of Democracy Report<\/em><\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">idea.int<\/span><\/a><\/button> Jaarlijks rapport van het intergouvernementele instituut in Stockholm met regionale dieptestudies.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Authoritarianism Research Network (ARN)<\/span> \u2014 Academisch netwerk dat onderzoek bundelt; veel publicaties via Cambridge University Press en Routledge.<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-1 [&amp;&gt;p]:inline\" data-streamdown=\"list-item\"><span class=\"font-semibold\" data-streamdown=\"strong\">Foreign Affairs \u2014 Autocracy-archief<\/span> \u2014 <button data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"inline-flex h-4.5 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-background px-2.5 py-1.5 text-dark text-xs no-underline transition-colors hover:border-semidark dark:bg-paper dark:text-foreground dark:hover:border-gray-500\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"max-w-[180px] truncate\">foreignaffairs.com<\/span><\/a><\/button> Recensies en essays op hoog niveau, zoals het overzichtsstuk van G. John Ikenberry uit 2024 over autocratie en tirannie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bronnenlijst over autocratie Hieronder een overzicht van betrouwbare websites, rapporten en boeken \u2014 gemengd Nederlands- en Engelstalig \u2014 verdeeld in vier categorie\u00ebn. Onderzoeksinstituten en data-indices Engelstalig V-Dem Institute (Varieties of Democracy) \u2014 v-dem.net Universiteit van G\u00f6teborg. Levert de meest gedetailleerde dataset ter wereld over democratie en autocratie. Hun jaarlijkse Democracy Report (recent: 25 Years of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-351","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=351"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":353,"href":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/351\/revisions\/353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.autocratie.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}